Description

Harold L. Schramm Jr. and Robert G. Piper, editors

607 pages, hardcover
ISBN 978-0-913235-91-1
Symposium 15
Published 1995

Increases in the scope of fisheries management responsibilities and declines in fisheries resources, coupled with advances in fisheries science and knowledge about fishes and fisheries systems, led to a clear need to examine the uses and effects of cultured fishes. To that end, a symposium was convened in Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 12–17, 1994 followed by a facilitated workshop in Denver, Colorado July 29–30, 1994. This book contains technical papers, abstracts of posters, and positions statements of the sponsoring AFS Sections which were presented at the symposium, as well as results of the facilitated workshop. The poster and podium presentations are a blend of scientific research, case histories, and management programs. These presentations have been peer reviewed and found to be acceptable for publication.

CONTENTS
xi | Preface
xiii | Acknowledgments
1 | Keynote Address: Fish Genetics, Fish Hatcheries, Wild Fish, and Other Fables (G. C. Radonski and A. J. Loftus)

Podium Presentations
Fisheries Management Needs: Sport Fish Restoration and Enhancement
7 | Enhancement of Sportfishing in New York Water of Lake Ontario with Hatery-Researed Salmonines (R. E. Lange, G. C. LeTendre, T. H. Eckert, and C. P. Schneider)
12 | Use of Cultured Salmonids in the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (J. McGurrin, C. Ubert, and D. Duff)
16 | Contribution of Nonnative Fish to California’s Inland Recreational Fishery (D. P. Lee)
21 | A Review of Chinook Salmon Resources in Southeast Alaska and Development of an Enhancement Program Designed for Minimal Hatchery–Wild Stock Interaction (W. Heard, R. Burkett, F. Thrower, and S. McGee)
38 | Changes in Stocking Strategies for Atlantic Salmon Restoration and Rehabilitation in Maine, 1871–1993
47 | Fish Stocking Programs in Wyoming: A Balanced Perspective (M. D. Stone)
52 | An Evaluation of the Genetic Integrity of Ohio River Walley and Sauger Stocks (M. M. White and S. Schell)
61 | Native and Nonnative Fish Species Used in State Fisheries Management Programs in the United States (D. Horak)

Fisheries Management Needs: Threatened and Endangered Species
71 | Genetic Risks and Hazards in Hatchery Operations: Fundamental Concepts and Issues (C. A. Busack and K. P. Currens)
81 | Captive Broodstocks for Recovery of Snake River Sockeye Salmon (T. A. Flagg, C. V. W. Mahnken, and K. A. Johnson)
91 | Hybridization and Introgression between Introduced and Native Fish (R. F. Leary, F. W. Allendorf, and G. K. Sage)
102 | An Augmentation Plan for Razorback Sucker in the Upper Colorado River Basin (T. Modde, A. T. Scholz, J. H. Williamson, G. B. Haines, B. D. Burdick, and F. K. Pfeifer)
112 | Apache Trout Management: Cultured Fish, Genetics, Habitat Improvements, and Regulations (G. J. Carmichael, J. N. Hanson, J. R. Novy, K. J. Meyer, and D. C. Moricot)
122 | A Restoration Plan for Pez Blanco in Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico (A. Chacon-Torres and C. Rosas-Monge)
127 | A Program for Maintaining the Razorback Sucker in Lake Mohave (G. Mueller)

Fisheries Restoration and Enhancement: Stocking Criteria and Goals
139 | British Columbia’s Trout Hatchery Program and the Stocking Policies that Guide It (B. Ludwig)
144 | Species-Specific Guidelines for Stocking Reservoirs in Oklahoma (E. Gilliland and J. Boxrucker)
152 | Salmon Stock Restoration and Enhancement: Strategies and Experiences in British Columbia (E. A. Perry)
161 | Beneficial Uses of Marine Fish Hatcheries: Enhancement of Red Drum in Texas Coastal Waters (L. W. McEachron, C. E. McCarty, and R. R. Vega)
167 | A Responsible Approach to Marine Stock Enhancement (H. L. Blankenship and K. M. Leber)
176 | An Ecological Framework for Evaluating the Success and Effects of Stocked Fishes (D. H. Wahl, R. A. Stein, and D. R. DeVries)

Fisheries Restoration and Enhancement: Genetic Criteria and Goals
193 | An Evaluation of Inbreeding and Effective Population Size in Salmonid Broodstocks in Federal and State Hatcheries (H. L. Kincaid)
205 | Use of DNA Microsatellite Polymorphism to Analyze Genetic Correlations between Hatchery and Natural Fitness (R. W. Doyle, C. Herbinger, C. T. Taggart, and S. Lochmann)
212 | Genetic Monitoring of Life-History Characters in Salmon Supplementation: Problems and Opportunities (J. J. Hard)
226 | Distribution of Largemouth Bass Genotypes in South Carolina: Initial Implications (J. Bulak, J. Leitner, T. Hiblish, and R. A. Dunham)
236 | Fitness and Performance Differences between Two Stocks of Largemouth Bass from Different River Drainages within Illinois (D. P. Philipp and J. E. Claussen)
244 | Incorporating the Stock Concept and Conservation Genetics in an Illinois Stocking Program (K. D. Cottrell, S. Stuewe, and A. Brandenburg)
249 | Conservation of Genetic Diversity in a White Seabass Hatchery Enhancement Program in Southern California (D. M. Bartley, D. B. Kent, and M. A. Drawbridge)

Fish Production to Meet Needs: Capabilities and Limitations
261 | Adult Production of Fall Chinook Salmon Reared in Net-Pens in Backwaters of the Columbia River (J. W. Beeman and J. F. Novotny)
267 | Maintenance of Stock Integrity in Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon (R. M. Bugert, C. W. Hopley, C. A. Busack, and G. W. Mendel)
277 | Supplementation: Panacea or Curse for the Recovery of Declining Fish Stocks? (E. C. Bowles)
284 | Status of Supplementing Chinook Salmon Natural Production in the Imnaha River Basin (R. W. Carmichael and R. T. Messmer)
292 | Quality Assessment of Hatchery-Reared Spring Chinook Salmon Smolts in the Columbia River Basin (W. W. Dickhoff, B. R. Beckman, D. A. Larsen, C. V. W. Mahnken, C. B. Schreck, C. Sharpe, and W. S. Zaugg)
303 | Terminal Fisheries and Captive Broodstock Enhancement by Nonprofit Groups (J. A. Sayre)
307 | A Review of Seminatural Culture Strategies for Enhancing the Postrelease Survival of Anadromous Salmonids (D. J. Maynard, T. A. Flagg, and C. V. W. Mahnken)

Evaluation of Stocked Fish in Hatcheries and in the Wild
317 | Use of a National Fish Hatchery to Complement Wild Salmon and Steelhead Production in an Oregon Stream (D. E. Olson, B. C. Cates, and D. H. Diggs)
329 | The Contribution of Hatchery Fish to the Restoration of American Shad in the Susquehanna River (M. L. Hendricks)
337 | Genetic Effects of Hatchery Fish on Wild Populations of Pacific Salmon and Steelhead: What Do We Really Know? (D. E. Campton)
354 | Assessment of Season of Release and Size at Release on Recapture Rates of Hatchery-Reared Red Drum (S. A. Willis, W. W. Falls, C. W. Dennis, D. E. Roberts, and P. G. Withchurch)
366 | The Effect of Hatcheries on Native Coho Salmon Populations in the Lower Columbia River (T. A. Flagg, F. W. Waknitz, D. J. Maynard, G. B. Milner, and C. V. W. Mahnken)
376 | Marine Enhancement with Striped Mullet: Are Hatchery Releases Replenishing or Displacing Wild Stocks? (K. M. Leber, N. P. Brennan, and S. M. Arce)

Role of Exotic Species: Past and Future Uses in Fisheries Management
391 | Introduced Species as a Factor in Extinction and Endangerment of Native Fish Species (D. R. Lassuy)
397 | Coldwater Fish Stocking and Native Fishes in Arizona: Past, Present, and Future (J. N. Rinne and J. Janisch)
407 | Problems and Prospects for Grass Carp as a Management Tool (J. R. Cassani)
413 | The Case for Caution with Fish Introductions (W. R. Courtenay, Jr.)
425 | From Sportfishing Bust to Commercial Fishing Boon: A History of the Blue Tilapia in Florida (M. M. Hale, J. E. Crumpton, and R. J. Schuler, Jr.)
431 | Splake as a Control Agent for Brook Trout in Small Impoundments (J. R. Satterfield, Jr. and K. D. Koupal)
437 | An Evaluation of Aquatic Vegetation Control by Triploid Grass Carp in Virginia Ponds (R. Eades and E. Steinkoenig)
443 | Introduction and Establishment of a Successful Butterfly Peacock Fishery in Southeast Florida Canals (P. L. Shafland)
452 | Establishment and Expansion of Redbelly Tilapia and Blue Tilapia in a Power Plant Cooling Reservoir (J. U. Crutchfield, Jr.)

Hatcheries, Habitat, and Regulations: Past and Future Uses in Fisheries Management
465 | A Common Sense Protocol for the Use of Hatchery-Reared Trout (R. W. Wiley)
472 | Development of an Optimal Stocking Regime for Walleyes in East Okoboji Lake, Iowa (J. G. Larscheid)
484 | Evaluation of the Florida Largemouth Bass in Texas 1972–1993 (A. A. Forshage and L. T. Fries)
492 | Accomplishments and Roadblocks of a Marine Stock Enhancement Program for White Seabass in California (D. B. Kent, M. A. Drawbridge, and R. F. Ford)
499 | Using Genetics in the Design of Red Drum and Spotted Seatrout Stocking Programs in Texas: A Review (T. L. King, R. Ward, I. R. Blandon, R. L. Colura, and J. R. Gold)
503 | History, Genetic Variation, and Management Uses of 13 Salmonid Broodstocks Maintained by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (C. B. Alexander and W. A. Hubert)
512 | The Roles of Hatcheries, Habitat, and Regulations in Wild Trout Management in Idaho (A. R. Van Vooren)
518 | Use of Cultured Fish for Put-Grow-and-Take Fisheries in Kentucky Impoundments (B. Kinman)
527 | Better Roles for Fish Stocking in Aquatic Resource Management (R. J. White, J. R. Karr, and W. Nehlsen)

Poster Presentations
551 | Use of Gene Marking to Assess Stocking Success of Red Drum in Texas Bays (R. Ward, T. L. King, I. R. Blandon, and L. W. McEachron)
552 | Multivariate Analysis of Red Drum Stocking in Texas Bays (R. Ward, L. W. McEachron, B. E. Fuls, and M. Muoenke)
553 | Predation and Cannibalism on Hatchery-Reared Striped Bass in the Patuxent River, Mayland (L. L. Andreasen)
555 | The Use of Hatchery-Produced Striped Bass for Stock Restoration and Validation of Stock Parameters (S. P. Minkkinen, C. P. Stence, and B. M. Richardson)
557 | American Shad Handling, Rearing, and Marking Trials (B. M. Richardson and S. P. Minkkinen)
560 | Long-Term Survival of Three Size-Classes of Striped Bass Stocked in the Savannah River, Georgia–South Carolina (J. E. Wallin and M. J. Van den Avyle)
561 | The Development of PCR-Based Genomic DNA Assays to Assess Genetic Variation in the Striped Bass Santee–Cooper River Population, South Carolina (M. Diaz, G. M. LeClerc, B. Ely, and J. S. Bulak)
562 | Development of a Hatchery Brookstock for Recovery of Green Lake Strain of Lake Trout (H. L. Kincaid)
564 | Hidden Falls Hatchery Chum Salmon Program (B. A. Bachen and T. Linley)
566 | Separation of Hatchery-Reared from Wild Red Drum Based on Discriminant Analysis of Daily Otolith Growth Increments (J. J. Isely, C. B. Grimes, and A. W. David)
567 | A Captive Broodstock Approach to Rebuilding a Depleted Chinook Salmon Stock (J. B. Shaklee, C. Smith, S. Young, C. Marlowe, C. Johnson, and B. B. Sele)
568 | The Assessment of Marine Stock Enhancement in Southern California: A Case Study Involving the White Seabass (M. A. Drawbridge, D. B. Kent, M. A. Shane, and R. F. Ford)
570 | Broodstock Development Plan for the Fluvial Arctic Grayling in Montana (W. P. Dwyer and R. F. Leary)
571 | Interactive Effects of Stocking-Site Salinity and Handling Stress on Short-Term Survival of Striped Bass Stocked in the Savannah River, Georgia–South Carolina (J. E. Wallin and M. J. Van den Avyle)
572 | Restoration of the Savannah River Striped Bass Population (M. J. Van den Avyle, J. E. Wallin, and C. Hall)
573 | Genetic Contribution of Hatchery Fish to Walleye Stocks in Saginaw Bay, Michigan (T. N. Todd and R. C. Haas)
575 | Homing Propensity in Transplanted and Native Chum Salmon (W. W. Smoker and F. P. Thrower)
577 | Advances to Increase Restocking of Native Fishes in Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico (C. Rosas-Monge and A. Chacon-Torres)
578 | Is Genetic Change from Hatchery Rearing of Anadromous Fish Really a Problem? (R. R. Reisenbichler and G. Brown)
580 | Development of a Regional Policy for the Prevention and Control of Nonnative Aquatic Species: The Chesapeake Basin Experience (D. E. Terlizzi, R. J. Klauda, and F. P. Cresswell)

AFS Section Position Statements
585 | Fish Culture Section (Presented by Kirby D. Cottrell, Section Delegate)
587 | Fisheries Management Section (Presented by Harold L. Schramm, Jr., President)
588 | Genetics Section (Presented by Fred M. Utter, President)
589 | Early Life History Section (Presented by Fred P. Binkowski, Section Delegate)
590 | Fisheries Administrators Section (Presented by Fred Harris, Section Delegate)
591 | Introduced Fish Section (Presented by Dennis R. Lassuy, President)
592 | Bioengineering Section (Presented by Susan Baker, President)
593 | Marine Fisheries Section (Presented by Churchill B. Grimes, President)

595 | Symposium Summary: Melding Science and Values in Pursuit of Ethical Guidelines for the Uses of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems (Paul Brouha)

Workshop Results
Considerations for the Use of Cultured Fishes in Fisheries Resource Management
601 | Introduction
603 | Considerations
607 | Appendix: Workshop Participants